What's the Matter With the Democrats? Post-Massachusetts Reflections on Popular Resentment, the Liberal-Left Vacuum, and Right Comeback
January 25, 2010
January 25, 2010
At the time, administration officials were growing concerned that government guarantees designed to spur lending by letting banks borrow cheaply were instead funding banks' speculative investments and fueling soaring profits, said Austan Goolsbee, a member of the president's Council of Economic Advisers.
"We started coming out of the rescue and you saw some of the biggest financial institutions . . . who had access to cheap financing . . . use that money without lending or anything, just doing their own investments," he said. "That clearly started putting [the issue] on the radar screen for us."
Goolsbee said that Vice President Biden became a particular advocate for Volcker's approach.
In mid-December, the president formally endorsed Volcker's approach and asked Geithner and Lawrence H. Summers, the director of the National Economic Council, to work closely with the former Fed chairman to develop proposals that could be sent to Capitol Hill. The three men had long discussions about the idea, including a lengthy one-on-one lunch between Geithner and Volcker on Christmas Eve.
Ruth E. Ley …
Summary Large-scale alterations of the gut microbiota and its microbiome (gene content) are associated with obesity and are responsive to weight loss. Gut microbes can impact host metabolism via signaling pathways in the gut, with effects on inflammation, insulin resistance, and deposition of energy in fat stores. Restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state may ameliorate the conditions associated with obesity and help maintain a healthy weight.
Introduction
Up until the last few decades, obesity has been a rare physiological state. Now however, the number of obese or overweight humans has come to outnumber those suffering from malnutrition.[1] This is an unprecedented state for our species, resulting from a mismatch between our evolutionary biology and our modern environment. The human body is a complex system, made all the more complex through its interactions with the trillions of microorganisms that coat the body surface and densely populate the gut. Recent work has shown that the microbes of the gut may play a role in human metabolism and adiposity. Because they are environmentally acquired, microbes constitute one part of our environment that may contribute to the obese state. This review discusses the most recent findings and insights into the relationship between the human microbiota, obesity, and obesity-associated diseases. …
shotgun sequencing of the microbial community DNA, showed an enrichment in genes involved in energy extraction from food in the obese host's microbiome relative to that of the lean host's microbiome. A microbiota with greater energy extraction efficiency resulted in less energy left over in feces and greater levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum. Furthermore, when the luminal contents from the ceca of obese or lean mice were provided to lean germ-free recipients, the mice receiving the microbes from the obese donors gained more weight over a 2-week period than recipients of the lean microbes, despite equivalent food intake.[3] In a study extending these observations to humans, 12 obese participants were randomly assigned to either carbohydrate-restricted or fat-restricted diets, and on average, the proportion of Bacteroidetes bacteria enumerated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing increased over time, mirroring reductions in host weight but not changes in diet.[4] Together these studies showed that the gut microbiota was generally altered in the obese host and could contribute to host adiposity in humans and mice.
Metagenomics and Obesity
A subsequent and much larger study of the microbiome associated with obesity conducted with humans also showed that obesity was associated with a depletion of Bacteroidetes, together with an enrichment in carbohydrate and lipid-utilizing genes in the microbiome as a whole. Turnbaugh et al.[5••] focused on twins to assess the gut microbiota's relationship to host weight. The fecal microbial communities of young adult female monozygotic (n = 31) and dizygotic (n = 23) twin pairs concordant for either leanness or obesity were compared, along with those of their mothers (n = 46), using a combination of traditional 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and high-throughput metagenomic analyses of the microbiome. Fecal samples were obtained from the majority of participants at an initial time point and then again 2 months later. Comparisons between all 154 participants showed obesity to be associated with reduced bacterial diversity and reduced representation of the Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the microbiome differed between obese and lean hosts in much the same way it had in the obese mouse model, with obese host microbiomes enriched in gene categories involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. …
Conclusion
An increasing number of studies relate imbalances in the composition of the gut microbiota to obesity and its associated diseases. The approaches used to characterize gut microbiotas vary widely, which might explain in part why the specific alterations in the microbiota associated with excess body fat, or weight loss, can also vary between studies. To compare studies will require some standardization of approaches or use of a variety of approaches within single studies. However, irrespective of the specific changes observed in microbial communities with respect to body fat, evidence suggests that microbes do indeed respond and contribute to host energy balance. They may do this using a number of different and possibly interactive signaling mechanisms involving innate immune responses, endocrine cells, and epithelial cells. An integration of mechanistically based investigations and microbial ecology studies using high-throughput sequencing will provide insights into how best to reshape host-microbial interactions to promote health. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/714569
Weekly influenza update for Tuesday, Jan. 5, 2010 |
Date: Tuesday, Jan. 5, 2010
Media questions: Alissa Bateman-Robbins, 503-490-6590, alissa.bateman-robbins@state.or.us
Influenza disease activity increased nationally during the week of Dec. 20-26, 2009, after eight consecutive weeks of decline. Oregon, however, is in one of two out of 10 national regions where current activity is considered “normal” instead of “elevated” for this time of year.
“January is often when seasonal flu spreads, but we know a record number of people have already received a seasonal flu shot. H1N1 vaccination is the best way to keep flu activity from increasing in Oregon,” says Mel Kohn, MD, MPH, Oregon Public Health director.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the national percentage of people who visited the doctor for influenza-like illness increased during the week of Dec. 20-26, possibly because fewer people schedule routine doctor visits during the holidays. Overall hospitalization rates remained unchanged from the previous week, but the proportion of deaths attributed to influenza increased.
Since September 1, 2009, 1,303 people in Oregon have been hospitalized from the flu and 63 people have died.
“Flu illness is holding steady in Oregon. The likelihood of flu activity remaining steady increases as more people get vaccinated against H1N1 flu,” says Kohn.
Kohn says January is a good time to get an H1N1 vaccine to help prevent increased flu activity in Oregon this winter and spring. “It’s also a great time for smokers to quit smoking, which will decrease their chances of complications from the flu or any illness,” he says.
For more information, visit www.flu.oregon.gov. Beginning Jan 16, the Oregon Public Health Flu Hotline (800-978-3040) will change its hours to 8 a.m.-6 p.m. Mon.-Fri., and 9 a.m.-noon weekends and holidays.
Glad to hear your son is OK! Make sure he gets the pneumonia vaccine. About 30 percent of H1N1 deaths were attributable to pneumonia. A large majority of flu deaths happen from bacterial infections when the lungs are inflamed due to our body'a Cytokine reactions to the virus infection. About half the doctors used prednisone to prevent the sick person's body from over-reacting to the infection and producing a Cytokine Protein storm which can even destroy our organs. Tamiflu and the excellent approach taken by the Obama Administration according to most experts helped save many lives even with inadequate hospitals and critical care units.
I again emphasize that you and your family should get the H1N1 vaccine because it will protect you partly or completely from mutated Swine Flu virus and the pneumonia vaccine which should strongly protect a young person more than the elderly. The seasonal flu vaccine will be twice as strong to allow seniors with a weak immune system to more likely develop an immune response. A single dose does not seem to work as well for seniors who never got flu vaccinations in the past. There would not have been a shortage of H1N1 vaccine because growth promoters were not used which would have increased the supply by a factor of three!
H1N1 victims who die seem to get better until they take showers and have a relapse! A young actress is probably the latest victim who died or got ill in the shower. Many people keep shower water tank at much lower temperatures so bacteria can grow. My father complained of getting sick whenever he took a bath so he stopped for a while. I increased the water tank temperature to above 120 degrees which helped.
Take up to 2,000 international units of vitamin D3 and not less than 1,000. I take 3500 units daily since I moved out of Los Angeles. The decreased stress in Eugene help me gain ten pounds a few years ago from my weight in LA with even with a more vegetarian diet! Vitamin D may also help with allergies even though I never saw anyone publish this. It does help reduce colds and increase your immunity to diseases from cancer to osteoporosis to Autism during the birth and baby growth process. In order to get through the birth canal, the baby's brain size is about half of its final size. Incredible growth occurs in the first few years and synaptic connections form. Autism is thought to be due to faulty synaptic connections. The lack of enough vitamin D in curing osteoporosis even with vitamin D with calcium supplements is likely due to our body grabbing the vitamin D for essential other tissues in our body. Kidney dialysis and transplant patients should get lots of vitamin D because they are often likely to suffer osteoporosis.
CANCER GROWTH CAUSE! My aunt and a close friend's cancer spread much more rapidly when she had exploratory surgery to find out why she had pain and difficulty in eating. That thought came to me immediately more than a dozen years ago and seemed logical to me. The surgery must have caused her cancer to spread fast, but I could not find any research confirming my suspicion.
Just a few days ago an article appeared in Science Daily which proved that any injury to cells around a cancer tumor will likely cause it metastasize or spread fast. Biopsies may help spread cancer, but so far no definitive data because no one thought about this until now. That is why when my close friend in New Jersey operated twice on a tumor in her hip, her cancer must have spread rapidly because she died so quickly that I had to go there immediately to see her and luckily I did not wait because she died shortly after I visited. Her chronic pain was horrendous even with pain killers such as morphine. Perhaps the new approach to killing severe chronic pain which was in the November 2009 Scientific American with some already approved drugs for other treatments can be used in cancer cases at the option of the physician and the patient.
Keep Well in 2010! Jan 2, 2010
Jim Kawakami, Jan 2, 2009, http://jimboguy.blogspot.com
Christopher's pneumonia finally responded to antibiotic - I thought it might be viral since 90 percent of orange county flu was H1N1. This is second time his flu turned to pneumonia. I had so many people staying at my house -thank goodness no one else got sick. Most already had their bout with flu. I just keep resting so I do not succumb -haha. Have a great new year - I hope 2010 will be better for so many people.